练习 9

中国是大陆国家,中华民族历来依靠农业来维持生存。在一个农业国家里,财富的首要基础是土地。因此,在中国历史上,一切社会、经济思想以及政策措施都以土地的分配和利用为中心。无论是和平时期或战争时期,农业都

同样重要。读书人通常不亲自耕地,①但 他 们一 般 出 身 于 地 主 家 庭 ,家 庭 的兴衰 和 农 业 生 产 好 坏 直 接联 系 在 一 起。②因 此 ,他 们 的 宇 宙 观 和 人 生 观都 主 要反映了农民的思想。(173 字)

《初级英语口译模拟试题精解》p18

 

Since China is a continental country, … To an agricultural country, land is the primary basis of wealth. Hence, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have centered on the utilization and distribution of land.

Agriculture in such an economy is equally important not only in peacetime but in wartime as well. …yet ①since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were tied up with agriculture. ②Therefore their reACTion to the universe and their outlook on life were essentially those of the farmer.

 

单词与词组:

continental

wealth

utilization

distribution

scholar

cultivate

landlord

fortune

outlook

 

句型:

make one’s living by …

not only…but…as well

be tied up with …

 

注释:

 

①译文中加了 since 一词,更好地突出了两个分句间的关系。

②注意代词 those 的使用。它指代了前文的宇宙观和人生观这些思想。

 

练习 10

 

①佛教传入中国(Buddhism),究竟是在什么时候?对这个问题,中国史学界还没有确切的结论,大致可说是在公元一世纪前半叶。传统的说法是:东汉明帝(Emperor Ming)时,佛教传入中国。②但现 有 史 料 可 以 证 明 , 在 此 之前 , 中 原 的 汉 族 已 经 接触 到 佛 教。它此后在中国的传播是一个漫长、缓慢的进程。③佛 教 传 入 中 国是中国历史上的一个重大事件。④它 自 传 入 后 ,成 为 中国文明的一个重要因素,对宗教、哲学、艺术和文学都产生了巨大的影响。(186字)

《中国哲学简史》p221

 

The exACT date of the introduction of Buddhism into China is a disputed problem not yet settled by historians, but it took place probably in the first half of the first century A.D. Traditionally,… ②but there is now evidence that it had already been heard of in China before this time. …③The introduction of Buddhism into China has been one of the GREatest events in Chinese history, and④since its coming, it has been a major fACTor in Chinese civilization, exercising particular influence on religion, philosophy, art, and literature.

 

单词与词组:

disputed

take place

subsequent

gradual

civilization

religion

philosophy

literature.

 

句型:

 

there is evidence that…

 

注释:

① 注意句型的转变。原文是疑问句,译文经过合并后,变成了一个陈述句。

② that 后接同位语从句,解释说明 evidence。

③ 主语“佛教传入中国”翻译时要用名次形式 The introduction of Buddhism into China

④ “对……产生了巨大的影响”用短语 exercise influence on sth.其中 exercise 要用现在分词形式,做状语,因为句子已有谓语动词 has been.

 

练习 11

孔子(Confucius)是世界公认的世界十大思想家之一,他的思想在中国、在东亚都有广泛的影响。孔子又是个大教育家。在那个时代,只有贵族子弟才能够受教育(aristocratic:贵族的)。孔子提倡 “有教无类”,他收学生,不论他们地位贵贱,都一律平等地进行教育。孔子兴办私学,打破了官方对文化教育的垄断(monopoly)。据说孔子教过的学生有三千多人,①其中著名的有 72 人。(146 字)

 

…. Confucius advocated that everyone was equal in education. He taught his students without discrimination, no matter what their social status was. Confucius …and broke the government’s monopoly over education. It is said that Confucius taught as many as 3000 students, ①among whom 72 became very famous.

 

 

单词与词组:

internationally

influence

equal

discrimination

private

 

句型:

 

No matter what…

it is said that…

 

注释:

 

①定语从句,先行词是 3000students。