英语四级翻译练习题：剩女

　　“剩女(leftover women)”这个词被用来指那些在二十八九岁，甚至更大年龄仍未结婚的女性。有些人认为“剩女”是需要认真对待的社会力量,而另一些人则主张这个词应被视为褒义词，意思是“成功女性”。据2010年的中国婚姻调查 (Chinese National Marriage Survey)报道，90%的男人认为女人应该在27岁之前结婚。在中国，大部分“剩女”都是受过良好教育的中产阶级。跟以前几代人相比，如今的女性更加自由，更能够独立生活。

　　参考译文：

　　“Leftover women”is a term that refers to women who remain unmarried in their late twenties and beyond.Some people regard leftover women as a social force to be reckoned with”,while others have argued that the term should be taken as a positive term to mean“successful women”.In a 2010 Chinese National Marriage Survey,it was reported that 9 out of 10 men believe that women should be married before they are 27 years old.In China leftover women are mostly well-educated middle class.Women today are more free and able to live independently in comparison to previous generations.

英语四级翻译练习题：天安门广场

　　天安门广场(Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心，是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽500米，南北长880米。总面积达44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的人民英雄纪念碑(Monument to the People's Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑。******广场与其周围的建筑，被称为中国的心脏，是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。******广场还是著名的旅游景点，每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。

　　参考译文：

　　Located at the center of Beijing City, TiananmenSquare is the largest square in the world. It covers atotal area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880metens north to south, and 500 meters east towest. Monument to the People's Heroes, the firstarchitecture built on the square after the founding ofNew China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surroundingarchitectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies areheld. Tiananmen Square is also a famous tourist attraction with a large amount of visitors fromhome and abroad every day.

　　1.第1句中的“位于北京市中心”可处理为地点状语，用过去分词短语located at the center trf Bering City来表达，将第2个分句处理为句子的主干，使译文主次分明。

　　2.第2句中，将“总面积达44万平方米”处理为主干it coversa total area of...。“整个广场东西宽500米，南北长 880 米”表伴随状态，可译为分词短语 measuring 880 metersnorth to south, said... east to west，动词measure表“距离/长度/宽度为……”，用在此处生动形象。

　　3.第3句的主干是“人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑”，而“矗立在广场中央的”则为修饰“人民英雄纪念碑”的定语。该句可按原语序结构，把“矗立在广场中央的”译为定语从句，整句译为Monument to the People's Heroesthat stands... is the first architecture...;或可将“矗立在广场中央的”译为伴随状语，standing in thecenter of...;也可将“是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑”处理为“人民英雄纪念碑”的同位语，表达为Monument to the People's Heroes, the first architecture built..., stands...。

　　4.第4句最后一个分句“是举行重大庆典的神圣之地”语义较独立，故考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语“举行重大庆典的”较长，且含有动作，故译为定语从句，置于被修饰词holy place之后。

　　5.最后一句后半句的“每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语“******广场” 不一致，翻译时可稍作处理，将其意思转换为“每天吸引大量的中外游客到此……”，译为attracting a largeamount of tourists...，表伴随状态。或可用介词短语witti a large amount of visitors...作后置定语，修饰tourist attraction。“到此参观旅游”承前的“旅游景点”可省略不译。

英语四级翻译练习题：教育体制

　　中国的教育体制分为三个阶段：基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括学前教育(pre-school education)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。1986年，中国开始实行从小学到初中的九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位，提出了“科教兴国”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下，中国的教育取得了历史性的成就。

　　参考译文：

　　The Chinese educational system is divided into threestages: basic education, higher education and adulteducation. Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondaryschool. Higher education consists of vocationalschools, colleges and universities. In 1986, Chinabegan to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school tojunior high school. The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developingeducation, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science andeducation. With the joint efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievementshave been made in Chinese education.

　　1.第1句中的“分为三个阶段”实表被动的意义，故译为bedivided into...。

　　2.第4句中的定语“从小学到初中的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语from primary school to junior highschool 来表达。

　　3.第5句中的两个分句均比较长可考虑用并列结构译出：TheChinese government has placed strategic priorityon... and advanced the strategy...。但不如将后半句“提出了......的战略方针”处理成表伴随的状语，译作advancing the strategy...，使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。“提出”可译作put forward或advance。

　　4.最后一句中的“在政府和人民的共同努力下”可用介词短语with the joint efforts of both thegovernment and the people来表达。翻译“中国的教育取得了历史性的成就”时，为了符合英语表达习惯，宜转化原宾语“历史性的成就”为主语，原主语“中国的教育”处理为状语，全句用被动语态译出，表达为historic achievements have been made in Chinese education。

英语四级翻译练习题：五行学说

　　五行学说(the theory of five elements)是中国古代的一种物质观。五行包括金、木、水、火和土五种要素。五行学说强调整体概念，描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式。五行学说认为宇宙万物都是基于这五种要素的运行和变化。这五个要素相互作用，不但影响到人的命运，同时也使宇宙万物循环不已。五行学说成熟干汉代 (the Han Dynasty)，之后广泛应用于中医、建筑和武术(martial arts}等领域。

　　参考译文：

　　The theory of five elements is a concept of matter inancient China. The five elements include metal, wood,water, fire, and earth. The theory of five elementsemphasizes on an overall concept, describing thestructural relationships and forms of movement ofmatters. The theory holds that everything in theuniverse is based on the movement and change of these five elements. These five elementsinteract with each other, affecting a person's fate as well as making the universe move inendless cycles. The theory got mature in the Han Dynasty and was widely employed in thefields like traditional Chinese medicine, architecture, and martial arts.

　　1.第2句五行中的“金”指“金属”，而非“黄金”，故第2句中应译为metal，而非gold。

　　2.第3句中的第2个分句“描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式”可处理为状语，表伴随状态，用分词短语describing thestructural relationships and forms of movement ofmatters 来表达。

　　3.第4句中的“五行学说认为”可译为the theory holdsthat...，亦可译为according to the theory，承前句，“五行学说”可简单转换表达为“该学说”(thetheory)。“宇宙万物”可译为the universe，强调整体，也可表达为 everything in the universe。

　　4.第5句有三个分句，可把“这五个要素相互作用”处理成主干，“不但影响到……，同时也使宇宙万物……”处理为结果状语，用分词短语来表达，“不但……同时也”可用结构both... and...或... as well as...来表达，故整句译为 These five elements interact with each other, affecting...as well as making...。

　　5.最后一句“五行学说成熟于汉代，之后广泛应用于……”可用并列结构译出：The theory got mature in theHan Dynasty and was widely employed...。翻译宾语“中医、建筑和武术等领域”时，先译出中心词fields，再用like或者such as来引出例子。