英语四级翻译练习题：中华老字号

　　中华老字号(China centuries-old/time-honored brands)是指那些历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的中国企业。这些企业往往具有鲜明的中华民族传统文化特征，拥有高品质的产品、技艺或服务，取得广泛的社会认同。同仁堂(Tongrentang)和全聚德(Quanjude)均属北京的老字号。同仁堂创建于1669年，其药品以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内外。以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于1864年，是中国著名的饭店。

　　参考译文：

　　China time-honored brands refer to the Chinesecompanies which have 汪 long history as well as agood reputation. With distinct characteristics oftraditional Chinese culture, they get extensivepublic recognition by offering good-qualityproducts, techniques or services. Both Tongrentangand Quanjude are the time-honored brands in Beijing. Tongrentang was founded in 1669，andits medical products have enjoyed a good reputation both at home and abroad for excellenttraditional manufacturing techniques and good effects. Founded in 1864 and well-known for itsBeying roast ducks, Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China.

　　1.第1句中的定语“历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的”较长，故将其处理成定语从句Which have a long history as well as agood reputation，也可用介词短语 with a long historyand a good reputation 来表达。

　　2.第2句“这些企业往往具有......，拥有......，取得......”有3个动词，仔细分析可发现，第1个动词短语表状态，第2个为方式，第3个为结果，故翻译时将第3个分句处理成主干，第1个为伴随状语，第2个为方式状语，这样既可以使句子各成分之间的逻辑关系更清晰，也更符合英文的表达习惯。

　　3.倒数第2句“同仁堂创建于1669年，其药品......”可用并列结构译出：Tongrentang was founded in1669, and its medical products...。“以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效”用介词短语for excellenttraditional manufacturing techniques and good effects 来表达。

　　4.在最后一句中，将“是中国著名的饭店”处理成主干：Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China。将“以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于1864年”处理成两个并列的状语，“创建于1864年的”和“以北京烤鸭闻名的”， 按照时间逻辑关系，用分词短语译出 Founded in 1864 and well-known for its Beijing roast ducks。

英语四级翻译练习题：中国简介

　　中国是世界四大文明古国(ancient civilization)之―。它位于亚洲东部、太平洋(the Pacific Ocean)西岸， 面积960万平方公里。中国人口约13亿,是世界上人口最多的国家,有56个民族(nationalities)。中国历史悠久，幅员辽阔，景色壮丽，自然资源丰富，文化璀璨。1949年，中华人民共和国成立。经过半个多世纪的发展，中国在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等方面取得辉煌的成就，为世人瞩目。

　　参考译文：

　　China is one of the world's four major ancientcivilizations. Located in the eastern part of Asia andthe west bank of the Pacific Ocean, it covers an areaof 9.6 million square kilometers. China has apopulation of about 1.3 billion, the largest in theworld, made up by 66 nationalities. China boasts along history, vast territory, magnificent scenery, rich natural resources and splendid culture.The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. With more than half a century'sdevelopment, China has made great achievements in politics, economy, science and technology,culture, education and many other fields, attracting the attention from the world.

　　1.第2句中的“位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸，面积960万平方公里”可译成并列结构，但译文会略显平淡，故将“位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸”用过去分词短语located in...译出，作地点状语，使译文层次分明、结构丰富。

　　2.第3句中的“人口最多”，英语的习惯搭配不是用the mostpopulation而是the largest population。“中国人口约13亿，是世界上人口最多的国家”中有2个“人口”，英译时，为了避免重复，可进行省译，将“是世界上人口最多的国家”处理为前面population的同位语：the largest inthe world，对population进行补充说明。

　　3.第4句中的“中国历史悠久……”不宜直译为the history of China is long，而应转换为“中国拥有‘悠久的历史’(China boasts a long history)”。此处的“拥有”用boast来表达，表达“自豪地拥有”之义。

　　4.最后—句中的“为世人瞩目”表结果，故将其处理成状语，用现在分词短语来表达，可有多种译法，如attracting the attention from the world, holding the world’s attention, fixing the world'sattention 等。

英语四级翻译练习题：清明节

　　清明是我国二十四节气(the twenty-four solar terms )之一，一般是在每年的4月4日至6日前后。人们庆祝清明节大约始于东周时代，距今已有两千五百多年的历史。清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期。同时，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并开展一系列消遣和体育活动。更重要的是，清明时节也是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。

　　参考译文：

　　Qingming

　　Qingming is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, typically falling on April 4-6 each year. The celebration for the Qingming Festival can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, with a history of over 2,500 years. After Qingming time, the temperature begins to rise up and rainfall increases, indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities accordingly. Meanwhile, it is the high time for spring outing, when people go out for fresh air, kinds of recreations and sports activities. More importantly, Qingming is also a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members.

　　词句点拨

　　1.始于:可译为trace back to，表示“始于，可追溯到”。

　　2.表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期:该句较长，其译文可采用现在分词作伴随状语的结构，即indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities accordingly。accordingly 用 作副词，通常置于句尾，意为“照着做;相应地”。根据对上下文的理解，可在此句的翻译中加入accordingly,用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。我们在翻译时要注意句式的变化，以避免英语译文的单调乏味。

　　3.开展一系列消遣和体育活动:此处的“消遣和体育活动”与前面的踏青可调整成并列结构，故“开展”可省略不译。

英语四级翻译练习题：睡眠紊乱

　　我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班而引起的。

　　参考译文：

　　Sleep Disorders

　　Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.